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This study examines recent literature about the impact of bias in reviewing and assessing processes for research funding from complementary perspectives, such as applicant, reviewer and decision-maker. A further aim is to explore strategies that have been used to improve the processes, whether they have been successful or not. The study’s rationale is to improve understanding of existing biases, their impact and gaps in knowledge and practice.

The interventions in this report aim to combat bias and have been designed from our examination of the literature on bias in the peer review process for funding and wider reading of journal guidance documents and publishing processes. These can be applied across disciplines for various funders. EDICa suggests that any interventions introduced by funders are monitored to determine their success and that they should be openly reported on.

Research question: What reduces bias in the peer review process?